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er of a defect of whichhe is not guilty or not known to be guilty, the detraction nowconsidered is innocent both of design to injure and of calumny. (b) If the non-Catholics are heretics, it is not lawful inthe case given to make them work on Sunday. The careless, lazy, malicious, and hardened should bereproved, but sternness should not be unmingled with kindness, lest thepenitent be driven away from his duty altogether. (a) Thus, antecedent ignorance excuses fromsin and restitution; (b) concomitant ignorance excuses fromrestitution, but not from sin; (e) conseque

, if a guilty person werethreatened with the penalties of law unless he vowed not to repeat theoffense), since the cause of th Vulgarity, vice against greatness of deed, 2452 b. --(a) In his intellect, the proud man has anexaggerated opinion of his own worth, and this causes his inordinatedesire of praise and exaltation. The power ofthe Church to commute vows is clear from what was said above about thepower of dispensation, for he who can do what is greater can also dowhat is less.